What are Symptoms and Treatment of Renal Failure?

　　What are Symptoms and Treatment of Renal Failure?

　　What are the symptoms of kidney failure?

　　There may be no symptoms at the beginning of kidney failure. As kidney function decreases, the symptoms will appear gradually, they are related to the inability to regulate water and electrolyte balances, to clear waste products from the body, and to promote red blood cell production. Lethargy, weakness, shortness of breath, and generalized swelling may occur. Unrecognized or untreated, life-threatening circumstances can develop.

　　Inability to excrete potassium and rising potassium levels in the serum (hyperkalemia) is associated with fatal heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias) including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.

　　Rising urea levels in the blood (uremia) can affect the function of a variety of organs ranging from the brain (encephalopathy) with alteration of thinking, to inflammation of the heart lining (pericarditis), to decreased muscle function because of low calcium levels (hypocalcemia).

　　Metabolic acidosis, or increased acidity of the body due to the inability to manufacture bicarbonate, will alter enzyme and oxygen metabolism, causing organ failure.

　　Generalized weakness may be due to anemia, a decreased red blood cell count, because lower levels of erythropoietin produced by failing kidneys do not adequately stimulate the bone marrow. A decrease in red cells equals a decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to cells for them to do work; therefore, the body tires quickly. As well, with less oxygen, cells more readily use anaerobic metabolism (an=without + aerobic=oxygen) leading to increased amounts of acid production that cannot be addressed by the already failing kidneys.

　　Because the kidneys cannot address the rising acid load in the body, breathing becomes more rapid as the lungs try to buffer the acidity by blowing off carbon dioxide. Blood pressure may rise because of the excess fluid, and this fluid can be deposited in the lungs, causing congestive heart failure.

　　As waste products build in the blood, loss of appetite, lethargy, and fatigue become apparent. This will progress to the point where mental function will decrease and coma may occur.

　　The effective treatments of Renal Failure

　　Every kind of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease progress into renal failure gradually, the traditional treatment methods are dialysis and kidney transplant. But dialysis exist various complications, is only the replacement of filtered function, and can’t complete a series of other important renal functions, such as secretion, metabolism, and maintain internal environment balance, etc. therefore, quality of care is low for the patient with dialysis.

　　Kidney transplant is the replacement of the renal function completely. As kidney donors are short, immunosuppressive agent has big side-effect, and operation has complications, etc. the development of kidney transplant is under restriction.

　　In recent years, treating Chronic Renal Failure with stem cell becomes more and more popular. And a series of animal experiments proved that treating Chronic Renal Failure with stem cell is a treatment method with great potential. Stem cell is a kind of undifferentiated cells, possessing with self-renewal, multi-differentiation, and highly proliferated function. Stem cell from bone marrow has the potential of multi-differentiation. It can not only differentiate into histiocyte of the local germ layer, but also differentiate into histiocyte of other germ layer. Cord blood stem cell has stronger proliferated and differentiated capacity than stem cell from bone marrow.

　　Resent years, the researches showed that, bone marrow stem cell has capacity of differentiation into renal parenchymal cell, and can differentiate into various renal cells, such as mesangial cell J, epithelial cell, sertoli cell and endothelial cell, etc. which can selectively repair part of glomerular tubules in the outer medulla, recover renal tubule structure and function. So, it proved that bone marrow stem cell has characteristics of differentiation to renal tissue and vessels, and can help repair and regenerate damaged kidney, so as to solve glomerular damage, glomerular tubule damage, and Chronic Renal Failure.

　　So, experts said that, during kidney transplant treatment, the shortage of kidney source restricts the development of kidney transplant treatment. Stem cell treatment might become one important measure to solve treating effects of kidney transplant, and renal replacement therapy.

　　For Renal Failure patient, traditional dialysis is only palliative care. After the stem cell treatment, the renal radiography showed that renal blood vessel increase obviously than before treatment, large number of new blood vessels visible. Abdomen ultrasound showed that normal kidney size, neat renal shape. Laboratory Examinations showed that creatinine and urea nitrogen decrease than before treatment, patient clinical symptoms are improved to some extent. And no any side-effect appears during stem cell treatment. The writer thinks that stem cell treatment can relieve illness condition of Chronic Renal Failure patients, and it may become the new method to treat Chronic Renal Failure.

　　For more information, send email to Kindeycn2010@hotmail.com

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